ASTM E681-2004 化合物(蒸气和气体)易燃性浓度限值的标准试验方法
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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforConcentrationLimitsofFlammabilityofChemicals(VaporsandGases)
【原文标准名称】:化合物(蒸气和气体)易燃性浓度限值的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME681-2004
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E27.04
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:化合物;浓缩;最大值;试验;材料;防火安全;易燃性;统计学
【英文主题词】:flammability;chemicals;vapors;gases
【摘要】:TheLFLandUFLofgasesandvaporsdefinetherangeofflammableconcentrationsinair.Limitsofflammabilitymaybeusedtodetermineguidelinesforthesafehandlingofvolatilechemicals.Theyareusedparticularlyinassessingventilationrequirementsforthehandlingofgasesandvapors.NFPA69providesguidanceforthepracticaluseofflammabilitylimitdata,includingtheappropriatesafetymarginstouse.Note28212;Forhydrocarbons,thebreakpointbetweennonflammabilityandflammabilityoccursoveranarrowconcentrationrangeatthelowerflammabilitylimit,butthebreakpointislessdistinctattheupperlimit.Formaterialsfoundtobenon-reproducibleper13.1.1thatarelikelytohavelargequenchingdistancesandmaybedifficulttoignite,suchasammoniaandcertainhalogenatedhydrocarbon,thelowerandupperlimitsofthesematerialsmaybothbelessdistinct.Thatis,awiderrangeexistsbetweenflammableandnonflammableconcentrations(seeAnnexA1).Note38212;ThismethodmeasurestheLFLandUFLforupward(andpartiallyoutward)flamepropagation.thelimitsfordownwardflamepropagationarenarrower.1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthelowerandupperconcentrationlimitsofflammabilityofchemicalshavingsufficientvaporpressuretoformflammablemixturesinairatatmosphericpressureatthetesttemperature.Thistestmethodmaybeusedtodeterminetheselimitsinthepresenceofinertdilutiongases.Nooxidantstrongerthanairshouldbeused.Note18212;Thelowerflammabilitylimitandupperflammabilitylimitarealsoreferredtoasthelowerexplosivelimit(LEL)andtheupperexplosivelimit(UEL),respectively.1.2Thistestmethodisbasedonelectricalignitionandvisualobservationsofflamepropagation.Usersmayexperienceproblemsiftheflamesaredifficulttoobserve(forexample,irregularpropagationorinsufficientluminescenceinthevisiblespectrum),ifthetestmaterialrequireslargeignitionenergy,orifthematerialhaslargequenchingdistances.1.3providesamodifiedtestmethodformaterials(suchascertainamines,halogenatedmaterials,andthelike)withlargequenchingdistanceswhichmaybedifficulttoignite.1.4Inothersituationswherestrongignitionsources(suchasdirectflameignition)isconsideredcredible,theuseofatestmethodemployinghigherenergyignitionsourceinasufficientlylargepressurechamber(analogous,forexample,tothemethodsinTestMethodE2079formeasuringlimitingoxygenconcentration)maybemoreappropriate.Inthiscase,expertadvicemaybenecessary.1.5Theflammabilitylimitsdependonthetesttemperatureandpressure.Thistestmethodislimitedtoaninitialpressureofthelocalambientorless,withapracticallowerpressurelimitofapproximately13kPa(100mmHg).Themaximumpracticaloperatingtemperatureofthisequipmentisapproximately150176;C(302176;F).1.6ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareprovidedforinformationonly.1.7Thistestmethodshouldbeusedtomeasureanddescribethepropertiesofmaterials,products,orassembliesinresponsetoheatandflameundercontrolledlaboratoryconditionsandshouldnotbeusedtodescribeorappraisethefirehazardorfireriskofmaterials,products,orassembliesunderactualfireconditions.However,resultsofthistestmethodmaybeusedaselementsofafireriskassessmentthattakesintoaccountallofthefactorspertinenttoanassessmentofthefirehazardofaparticularenduse.1.8Thisstandardmayinvolvehazardousmaterials,operations,andequipment.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddress......
【中国标准分类号】:G04
【国际标准分类号】:13_220_40;71_060_01;71_080_01
【页数】:12P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【原文标准名称】:化合物(蒸气和气体)易燃性浓度限值的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME681-2004
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E27.04
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:化合物;浓缩;最大值;试验;材料;防火安全;易燃性;统计学
【英文主题词】:flammability;chemicals;vapors;gases
【摘要】:TheLFLandUFLofgasesandvaporsdefinetherangeofflammableconcentrationsinair.Limitsofflammabilitymaybeusedtodetermineguidelinesforthesafehandlingofvolatilechemicals.Theyareusedparticularlyinassessingventilationrequirementsforthehandlingofgasesandvapors.NFPA69providesguidanceforthepracticaluseofflammabilitylimitdata,includingtheappropriatesafetymarginstouse.Note28212;Forhydrocarbons,thebreakpointbetweennonflammabilityandflammabilityoccursoveranarrowconcentrationrangeatthelowerflammabilitylimit,butthebreakpointislessdistinctattheupperlimit.Formaterialsfoundtobenon-reproducibleper13.1.1thatarelikelytohavelargequenchingdistancesandmaybedifficulttoignite,suchasammoniaandcertainhalogenatedhydrocarbon,thelowerandupperlimitsofthesematerialsmaybothbelessdistinct.Thatis,awiderrangeexistsbetweenflammableandnonflammableconcentrations(seeAnnexA1).Note38212;ThismethodmeasurestheLFLandUFLforupward(andpartiallyoutward)flamepropagation.thelimitsfordownwardflamepropagationarenarrower.1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthelowerandupperconcentrationlimitsofflammabilityofchemicalshavingsufficientvaporpressuretoformflammablemixturesinairatatmosphericpressureatthetesttemperature.Thistestmethodmaybeusedtodeterminetheselimitsinthepresenceofinertdilutiongases.Nooxidantstrongerthanairshouldbeused.Note18212;Thelowerflammabilitylimitandupperflammabilitylimitarealsoreferredtoasthelowerexplosivelimit(LEL)andtheupperexplosivelimit(UEL),respectively.1.2Thistestmethodisbasedonelectricalignitionandvisualobservationsofflamepropagation.Usersmayexperienceproblemsiftheflamesaredifficulttoobserve(forexample,irregularpropagationorinsufficientluminescenceinthevisiblespectrum),ifthetestmaterialrequireslargeignitionenergy,orifthematerialhaslargequenchingdistances.1.3providesamodifiedtestmethodformaterials(suchascertainamines,halogenatedmaterials,andthelike)withlargequenchingdistanceswhichmaybedifficulttoignite.1.4Inothersituationswherestrongignitionsources(suchasdirectflameignition)isconsideredcredible,theuseofatestmethodemployinghigherenergyignitionsourceinasufficientlylargepressurechamber(analogous,forexample,tothemethodsinTestMethodE2079formeasuringlimitingoxygenconcentration)maybemoreappropriate.Inthiscase,expertadvicemaybenecessary.1.5Theflammabilitylimitsdependonthetesttemperatureandpressure.Thistestmethodislimitedtoaninitialpressureofthelocalambientorless,withapracticallowerpressurelimitofapproximately13kPa(100mmHg).Themaximumpracticaloperatingtemperatureofthisequipmentisapproximately150176;C(302176;F).1.6ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareprovidedforinformationonly.1.7Thistestmethodshouldbeusedtomeasureanddescribethepropertiesofmaterials,products,orassembliesinresponsetoheatandflameundercontrolledlaboratoryconditionsandshouldnotbeusedtodescribeorappraisethefirehazardorfireriskofmaterials,products,orassembliesunderactualfireconditions.However,resultsofthistestmethodmaybeusedaselementsofafireriskassessmentthattakesintoaccountallofthefactorspertinenttoanassessmentofthefirehazardofaparticularenduse.1.8Thisstandardmayinvolvehazardousmaterials,operations,andequipment.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddress......
【中国标准分类号】:G04
【国际标准分类号】:13_220_40;71_060_01;71_080_01
【页数】:12P.;A4
【正文语种】:
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